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STANDARDS

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US-VA

Math

Virginia Math

Probability and Statistics: Data in Context

PS.DC.1

The student will use a statistical cycle to formulate questions, describe types of data, data sources, and constraints within the context of a problem.

PS.DC.1.a

Define the stages of the statistical cycle and how each stage relates to the others.
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PS.DC.1.b

Formulate questions and conclusions based on context.
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PS.DC.1.c

Understand the type of data relevant to the question at hand (e.g., quantitative versus categorical).
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PS.DC.1.d

Compare and contrast population and sample, and parameter and statistic.
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PS.DC.1.e

Identify and explain constraints of the statistical approach.
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PS.DC.2

The student will compare and contrast data collection methods to plan and conduct an observational study.

PS.DC.2.a

Investigate and describe sampling techniques (e.g., simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling).

PS.DC.2.b

Determine which sampling technique is best, given a particular context.
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PS.DC.2.c

Investigate and explain biased influences inherent within sampling methods and various forms of response bias.
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PS.DC.2.d

Use the statistical cycle to plan and conduct an observational study to answer a question or address a problem.
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PS.DC.3

The student will utilize the principles of experimental design to plan and conduct a well-designed experiment.

PS.DC.3.a

Describe the principles of experimental design, including:

PS.DC.3.a.i

treatment/control groups;
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PS.DC.3.a.ii

blinding/placebo effects;
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PS.DC.3.a.iii

experimental units/subjects; and
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PS.DC.3.a.iv

blocking/matched pairs and completely randomized designs.
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PS.DC.3.b

Evaluate the principles of experimental design to address comparison, randomization, replication, and control within the context of the problem.
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PS.DC.3.c

Compare and contrast controlled experiments and observational studies and the conclusions that may be drawn from each.
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PS.DC.3.d

Use the statistical cycle to plan and conduct a well-designed experiment to answer a question or address a problem.
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PS.DC.3.e

Select a data collection method appropriate for a given context.
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